Do I pay Canadian tax on money a foreign family trust sends me?
Sometimes, and the character of what you received decides it rather than the fact of receiving it. A distribution can be income in Canadian terms, capital, or a mixture, and the Canadian answer does not have to agree with the label the trustee used. There is also a prior question: the trust itself may be deemed resident in Canada because of a contribution made by someone here, which changes what your distributions are. So the sequence is to settle the trust's status, establish the character from the trust's own accounts, then report. Reporting is separate again and does not depend on tax being owed, which is why a year with nothing payable still has a filing side.
Is a loan from a foreign trust reportable in Canada?
Loans from the trust are reportable in their own right, which surprises people who reason that they have been given nothing and merely owe money. The terms then matter: what was advanced, whether interest was charged and actually paid, whether repayment was ever realistically intended, and what the trust's own records say the amount was. An advance treated loosely within a family is the hardest version of this, because there is often no document to examine and the trustee's description was written long afterwards. If you have taken money from a trust abroad on any basis, gather the paperwork that existed at the time before the question is put, and keep the record of each repayment.
The trustee calls it a capital distribution, does Canada have to agree?
No. The trustee's characterisation is not automatically the Canadian one. Trustees label payments according to the trust's own law and accounting conventions, and those conventions were not written with the Canadian rules in mind, so an amount described as capital in a trustee's letter can be something else here. What settles it is the trust's own accounts: what income the trust earned, what it accumulated, and what the distribution was in fact funded from. That is why a covering letter naming an amount is never a sufficient record. Ask the trustee for the breakdown behind the payment, and if it is refused, expect to reconstruct the position from what the trust will release and to document the reasoning.
What can I do if the foreign trustee will not give me trust accounts?
You still have to report, which is the uncomfortable shape of this problem: a Canadian beneficiary usually has no control over the trust and full responsibility for their own side of it. The way through is evidentiary rather than legal. Work from what you do hold, the trust instrument, the correspondence, your own bank records of what arrived and when, establish what can be shown, and record clearly what has been assumed and why the assumption is reasonable. Then put the request to the trustee in writing, setting out the minimum information you need each year. The written request matters twice over: it may produce the records, and it evidences that you sought them.
Do I have to report a trust abroad I have received nothing from?
It depends on the interest you hold rather than on what has been paid out, so the answer needs the instrument read rather than a bank statement checked. Being named in a foreign trust can carry reporting on its side even in a year with no distribution, and reporting does not turn on tax being payable. There is also the trust's own status to consider, which may be affected by a contribution from a relative in Canada. The practical step is to establish now which event actually starts your obligations, and keep a short annual check against it, so that a change is picked up in the year it happens rather than long afterwards.
Is the foreign trust itself taxed in Canada because I live here?
Your residence alone is not what does it, but it can form part of the picture, and the trust's own status is a separate question from your reporting. A trust may be deemed resident in Canada where there is a contributor here, and in defined circumstances by reference to a resident beneficiary. If that is the position, the trust's income comes into the Canadian base and the amounts you receive have to be looked at in that light rather than treated as receipts from a foreign structure. This is why the trust's status is worth settling before your own years are filed. Filing your side on one view of the trust and then having to change it is the expensive order of work.
Do dual citizens have to file US taxes if they live abroad?
Yes. US filing follows citizenship, not residence or where the income arose, and the obligation continues for as long as the citizenship does. Two further obligations travel with it and are keyed to account balances rather than income, so they can apply in a year with no US tax at all: the foreign bank account report to FinCEN, and the specified foreign asset statement with the return. Most people who discover a problem discover it there. See two returns as a dual citizen.
What is the difference between FBAR and Form 8938?
They overlap but are not the same report. The FBAR goes to FinCEN and covers foreign financial *accounts*; Form 8938 goes to the IRS with the return and covers a wider class of specified foreign financial *assets*, with thresholds that vary by filing status and whether you live abroad. Many people must file both for the same accounts, and satisfying one does nothing for the other. See filing both.
