NRE, NRO and FCNR interest taxability
Check whether interest on an Indian non-resident account is exempt or taxable.
Open itMoney leaving an Indian ordinary rupee account passes two gates: an annual ceiling under the exchange-control rules, and a tax certification the bank will not move without. This shows your headroom and lists the paperwork for the leg you are planning.
The remittance
Current income sits outside the annual ceiling. Everything else counts against it.
US$
In United States dollars, which is how the ceiling is expressed.
US$
The total already sent under the ceiling since 1 April.
US$
One million dollars per financial year under the current rules. Editable if it moves.
₹
Used to work out the tax forms, which are driven by rupee amounts.
₹
The aggregate that the tax-form threshold is tested against.
₹
Five lakh rupees under the current rule.
Untick where it is a return of your own capital and no Indian income arises.
A lower or nil deduction certificate, or an order fixing the chargeable sum.
Headroom after this remittance
—
Part of Form 15CA —
Within the annual ceiling —
Accountant certificate needed —
Central bank approval needed —
Annual ceiling—
Used so far this year—
Headroom before this remittance—
Amount over the ceiling—
What the bank will ask for
- Enter your figures above and this fills in.
Two gates, and they are not the same gate
The exchange-control ceiling and the tax certification are separate. The ceiling caps how much can leave an ordinary rupee account in a financial year for capital items — sale proceeds, inheritances, the balance of your own funds. Current income is outside it: rent, interest, dividends and pension can be sent without a ceiling once the tax on them is settled.
The tax certification runs on rupee amounts and asks whether the sum is chargeable in India. It applies to every remittance, including one comfortably inside the ceiling, and it is the gate the bank actually enforces at the counter.
Sequence the year, not the payment
Because the ceiling is annual and the certification threshold is an aggregate, both are year-level constraints and both are easy to trip late in the year. A family selling one property and one set of shares in the same twelve months can find the second sale over the ceiling with no warning, because nothing flags it until the bank declines.
The workable approach is to plan the whole year's remittances before the first one: which legs are current income and therefore free of the ceiling, which are capital and count against it, and where the financial year boundary falls relative to the sale dates.
Worked example
A family has already sent 400,000 dollars from sale proceeds this financial year and now wants to send 250,000 more, worth about 2.1 crore rupees.
- Both legs are capital, so both count against the ceiling. Headroom before this one is 600,000 and after it is 350,000.
- The rupee amount is over the certification threshold and the sum is chargeable, so Part C applies and a certificate comes first.
- The bank will also want the exchange-control declaration and evidence of how the property was acquired.
Switch the source to current income and the ceiling stops biting entirely — the certification does not. That is the distinction the two gates draw.
What this calculator assumes
- The annual ceiling is prefilled at one million dollars per financial year, which is the current figure for remittance of assets from an ordinary rupee account. It is editable.
- Current income is treated as outside the ceiling. Whether a particular receipt is current income or capital is a real question, and the bank will ask.
- The tax forms follow the same logic as the standalone checker: chargeability first, then the rupee aggregate, then whether an officer order exists.
- Approval above the ceiling is possible but not automatic, and it is granted case by case rather than as of right.
An estimate, not advice. This is an estimate built from what you typed, not advice on your file. Nothing here reads your documents, checks your treaty article or looks at the year you are actually in. Where the number matters, we agree a fixed fee in writing before any work starts.
Where these figures come from
- current master directions Reserve Bank of India — remittance of assets, master direction
- current guidance India — Form 15CA frequently asked questions
- current rules India — Income-tax Rules, Rule 37BB
Any figure prefilled in the panel above is stated with the year it belongs to and can be changed. Rates and thresholds move; a calculator that asks you for the current one stays right, and one that hides a guess does not.
Files that look like this one
Case study 1
Repatriation sequenced across a financial year for an NRI selling multiple properties
An NRI selling two Indian properties in the same year needed the repatriation of both sale proceeds planned against the applicable limits and reporting requirements. We reviewed both transactions together, sequenced the repatriation to satisfy the documentation each required, and both transfers completed without a compliance query.
Case study 2
Annual repatriation limit tracked for a family with multiple income sources in India
A family repatriating funds from Indian rental income, deposit interest and a property sale in the same year had not tracked how much of the annual repatriation allowance each transfer used. We consolidated the family's planned repatriations, confirmed they stayed within the applicable limits, and sequenced the transfers accordingly.
Case study 3
Repatriation plan adjusted after a certificate delay changed the available timeline
A client's repatriation plan assumed a lower-TDS certificate would be obtained quickly, but a processing delay meant the original sequencing no longer worked within the client's planning year. We revised the repatriation schedule around the actual certificate timeline, and the client's funds moved as soon as the certificate was obtained.
Case study 4
Moving Money Out of India and the Certificates It Needs
A remittance out of India needs its tax position certified before the bank will process it. The file establishes the character of the funds, produces the certification, and keeps the position consistent with the returns already filed.
Read how this one runs
Case study 5
A Second Opinion on a Return Already Filed
A cross-border return prepared on one side only is usually right in isolation and wrong in combination. The review checks residence, source and relief in that order, and says plainly whether an amendment is worth making.
Read how this one runs
Case study 6
A Certificate Obtained Before the Money Moved
An application for a reduced or nil deduction is made in advance and decided on the computed liability, not on the gross amount. Applying after the payment leaves a refund claim in place of a certificate.
Read how this one runs
Case study 7
Paying a Dividend Up to a Foreign Parent
The withholding rate depends on the treaty, on the size of the holding, and on whether the parent is the beneficial owner rather than a conduit. Establishing all three before the payment is what secures the lower rate at source.
Read how this one runs
Case study 8
Indian Transfer Pricing Certification With a Hard Deadline
An Indian entity with international related-party transactions needs an accountant's report filed by a date of its own, ahead of the return. The work is reconciling the transactions to the books first, because the report is only as defensible as that reconciliation.
Read how this one runsAll case studies — every published engagement in one place.
Core International & Cross-Border Tax Services
International Tax Planning & Advisory
Strategy and compliance for income, assets and families spread across borders.
One coordinating team: filings on every side of the border are sequenced so treaty relief and foreign tax credits are claimed once — and in the right country.
U.S. & Cross-Border Tax Returns
Dual filers: U.S. citizens in Canada and Canadians with U.S. income run two parallel systems — we prepare both, in the right order, every year.
Expat & Emigration Tax
The move year is its own project: the elections and valuations filed that year decide the next decade of both countries’ returns.
Non-Resident Canadian Tax
Default withholding is 25% of gross: elective returns routinely turn over-withheld rent and pensions into refunds.
Transfer Pricing & BEPS
Documentation prepared with the return is the cheapest insurance in international tax; reconstructing it during an audit is the most expensive.
Tax Treaties & Withholding
Relief is only as good as the paperwork claiming it — we build treaty positions that survive review on both sides.
Cross-Border Estates & Trusts
Wills drafted for one country routinely misfire in the other — deemed disposition here, estate tax there, credits in between.
Global Investments & Reporting
Information returns carry the sharpest penalties — $25 a day whether or not any tax is owing. We keep them clean and on time.
Cross-Border Corporate Tax
Expansion raises the same four questions every time — entity, PE, repatriation, payroll. We answer them before the tax authorities do.
India Tax for NRIs & Returning Residents
The deduction is taken on the sale price, not the gain — which is why an NRI property sale strands cash unless the certificate is applied for before closing.
Canadian Tax with a Foreign Element
Residency is decided on facts, not on a form — and the year you arrive or leave is the one where the largest amounts turn on the smallest details.
UAE Tax for Expats & Their Home Country
A zero-tax country is only half the answer — the question that decides the bill is whether the country you came from still treats you as resident.
Industries & Client Types We Serve Worldwide
Global E-commerce & Marketplaces
Technology & SaaS
Professional Services Firms
Cross-Border Real Estate
Importers, Exporters & Manufacturers
Athletes, Artists & Entertainers
Remote Workers & Digital Nomads
Investment Funds & Holding Companies
Global E-commerce & Marketplaces
- Foreign VAT / GST / sales tax registrations
- Marketplace withholding reviews
- Inventory nexus & PE analysis
- Multi-currency books reconciled
Who We Serve:
Technology & SaaS
Software revenue crosses borders by default — sourcing rules, withholding on licence-like payments and IP location decide the effective rate.
Software revenue is rarely taxed where the team sits. Licence, subscription and service income are characterised differently by each side, and the answer decides withholding at source, treaty relief and whether a foreign customer creates a taxable presence at all — questions that are cheap to settle before the contract and expensive afterwards.
- Cross-border revenue sourcing & withholding
- IP structuring with real substance
- Equity for cross-border teams
- U.S. expansion: entity & PE setup
Who We Serve:
Professional Services Firms
- Reg 105 / 102 waivers
- Permanent establishment risk
- Partner mobility planning
- Cross-border withholding recovery
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Cross-Border Real Estate
- Section 216 rental returns
- FIRPTA withholding recovery
- Section 116 clearance
- Treaty credit optimization
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Importers, Exporters & Manufacturers
- Transfer pricing documentation (s.247)
- Customs value vs transfer price
- Foreign affiliate reporting (T1134)
- Country-by-country reporting
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Athletes, Artists & Entertainers
- Reg 105 & U.S. CWA agreements
- Multi-state & country calendars
- Touring income allocation
- Royalty & image-rights withholding
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Remote Workers & Digital Nomads
- Residency analysis before moving
- Employer payroll exposure
- Totalization & social security
- Foreign tax credits
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Investment Funds & Holding Companies
- Treaty access & PPT reviews
- FAPI & surplus computations
- Withholding-efficient routing
- Governance & substance
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